Azam Gholami; Mahmood Hajiani; Mohammad Hossein Sayadi Anari
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern or simply emerging contaminants have been considered as a critical environmental issue in recent decades. These compounds have not routinely controlled and monitored; therefore they have posed risk to health of human and environment. Drugs are considered as one of the ...
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Contaminants of emerging concern or simply emerging contaminants have been considered as a critical environmental issue in recent decades. These compounds have not routinely controlled and monitored; therefore they have posed risk to health of human and environment. Drugs are considered as one of the most important emerging pollutants. They introduce to environment form different sources such urine, human excretion, livestock, poultry, pharmaceutical, and hospitals. Although they are in trace levels, they are not biodegradable. They cannot be removed by conventional treatment processes. .. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been designed to address the deficiency of conventional methods in removal of emerging pollutants. Production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals is the base of AOPs. These very reactive radicals effectively oxidize emerging pollutants such as drugs. Among different approach of AOPs, photocatalytic degradation has been successfully applied to mitigate the side effects of emerging contaminants. The ability of photocatalytic process in removal of Clindamycin hydrochloride (CLM) from aqueous solutions in the presence of UV/TiO2 was studied. The effects of various parameters such as adsorption, photolysis, pH, catalyst dosage, initial concentration of antibiotic, and radiation time were investigated in a batch photoreactor. Results showed that photolysis and adsorption had a negligible contribution to the clindamycin removal. The maximum clindamycin removal rate was obtained under optimal conditions, such as pH of 5, 0.5 g/l of TiO2, initial clindamycin concentration of 2 /L. This optimum condition was achieved during 90 minutes.. The CLM photocatalytic degradation kinetics showed that CLM degradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics.
Nika Gholamzadeh; Majid Peyravi; Mohsen Jahanshahi
Abstract
The olive mill wastewater (OMW) is generated from olive oil extraction in olive mills. It contains a very high organic load and considerable quantities of phytotoxicity compounds. Comprehensive articles with different methods have been published about the treatment of OMW. This paper reviews the recent ...
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The olive mill wastewater (OMW) is generated from olive oil extraction in olive mills. It contains a very high organic load and considerable quantities of phytotoxicity compounds. Comprehensive articles with different methods have been published about the treatment of OMW. This paper reviews the recent reports on the variety methods of OMW treatment. Biological process, containing aerobic pre-treatment by using different cultures and anaerobic co-digestion with other sewage and also added external nutrient with optimum ratio attracted much attention in the treatment of OMW. However, advanced oxidation process (AOP) due to the high oxidation potential which causes destruction of organic pollutants, toxic and chlorinated compounds have been considered. Furthermore, membrane technologies consist of microfiltration, ultrafiltration and especially nanofiltrationin wastewater treatment are growing in recent years. They offer high efficiency and mediocre investments owing to novel membrane materials, membrane design technics, module figures and improvement of the skills. In addition, fouling reduces the membrane performances in time, which is a main problem of cost efficiency.