ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Highly Effective Novel Graphene Oxide-Polyethylene Glycol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Hydrogel For Copper Removal
A novel Graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol (GO-PEG-PVA) triple network hydrogel were prepared to remove Copper(II) ion from its aqueous solution. The structures, morphologies, and properties of graphene oxide (GO), the composite GO-PEG-PVA and PEG-PVA were characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electronic Microscope and Thermal Gravimetric analysis. A series of systematic batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the adsorption property of GO, GO-PEG-PVA hydrogel and PEG-PVA hydrogel under different conditions (e.g. pH, contact time and Cu2+ ions concentration). The high adsorption capacity, easy regeneration, and effective adsorption–desorption results proved that the prepared GO-PEG-PVA composite hydrogel could be an effective adsorbent in removing Cu2+ ion from its aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 917, 900 and 423 mg g–1 for GO-PEG-PVA hydrogel, GO and PEG-PVA hydrogel, respectively at pH 5, 25 °C and Cu2+ ions’ concentration 500 mg l–1. The removal efficiency of the recycled GO-PEG-PVA hydrogel were 83, 81, 80 and 79% for the first four times, which proved efficient reusability.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28430_d0963ae5eae3179383d1bcff1a7a6a61.pdf
2017-10-01
223
234
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.001
copper
Graphene oxide
Hydrogel
Polyethylene glycol
Polyvinyl alcohol
Eman
Serag
d.emanserag@yahoo.com
1
Marine Pollution Department, Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
El Nemr
ahmedmoustafaelnemr@yahoo.com
2
Marine Pollution Department, Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azza
El-Maghraby
elmaghrabyazza@yahoo.com
3
Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Application, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
1. El-Nemr A. Impact, Monitoring, and Management of Environmental Pollution (Pollution Science, Technology & Abatement Series): Nova Science Publishers Incorporated; 2010.
1
2. Fayyaz F, Rahimi R, Rassa M, Maleki A. Efficient photo-oxidation of phenol and photo-inactivation of bacteria by cationic tetrakis(trimethylanilinium)porphyrins. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply. 2015;15(5):1099-105.
2
3. Khaled A, El Nemr A, El Sikaily A. Heavy Metals Concentrations in Biota of the Mediterranean Sea: A Review, Part I. Blue Biotechnology Journal. 2013;2(1):79.
3
4. Khaled A, El Nemr A, El Sikaily A. HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN BIOTA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: A REVIEW, PART II. Blue Biotechnology Journal. 2013;2(2):191.
4
5. Maleki A, Rahimi R, Maleki S. Efficient oxidation and epoxidation using a chromium(VI)-based magnetic nanocomposite. Environ Chem Lett. 2016;14(2):195-9.
5
6. El-Nemr A. Non-conventional Textile Waste Water Treatment: Nova Science Publishers; 2012.
6
7. Abdelwahab O, El Sikaily A, Khaled A, El Nemr A. Mass-transfer processes of chromium(VI) adsorption onto guava seeds. Chem Ecol. 2007;23(1):73-85.
7
8. El Nemr A, El Sikaily A, Khaled A, Abdelwahab O. Removal of toxic chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon using Casuarina equisetifolia. Chem Ecol. 2007;23(2):119-29.
8
9. El-Sikaily A, Nemr AE, Khaled A, Abdelwehab O. Removal of toxic chromium from wastewater using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon. J Hazard Mater. 2007;148(1):216-28.
9
10. El Nemr A. Pomegranate husk as an adsorbent in the removal of toxic chromium from wastewater. Chem Ecol. 2007;23(5):409-25.
10
11. Nemr AE. Potential of pomegranate husk carbon for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater: Kinetic and isotherm studies. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161(1):132-41.
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12. Sun L, Fugetsu B. Mass production of graphene oxide from expanded graphite. Mater Lett. 2013;109:207-10.
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13. Sun L, Fugetsu B. Effect of encapsulated graphene oxide on alginate-based bead adsorption to remove acridine orange from aqueous solutions. arXiv preprint arXiv:13070223. 2013.
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15. Maleki A, Rahimi R, Maleki S. Efficient oxidation and epoxidation using a chromium(VI)-based magnetic nanocomposite. Environ Chem Lett. 2016;14(2):195-9.
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16. Maleki A, Paydar R. Bionanostructure-catalyzed one-pot three-component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions. React Funct Polym. 2016;109(Supplement C):120-4.
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17. Najafian A, Rabbani M, Rahimi R, Deilamkamar M, Maleki A. Synthesis and characterization of copper porphyrin into SBA-16 through “ship in a bottle” method: A catalyst for photo oxidation reaction under visible light. Solid State Sci. 2015;46(Supplement C):7-13.
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18. Mahboubeh Rabbani, Hamideh Bathaee, Rahmatollah Rahimi, Maleki A. Photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol and methylene blue using Zn-TCPP/Ag doped mesoporous TiO2 under UV and visible light irradiation. Desalin Water Treat. 2016;57(53):25848-56.
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19. Zhao G, Ren X, Gao X, Tan X, Li J, Chen C, et al. Removal of Pb(ii) ions from aqueous solutions on few-layered graphene oxide nanosheets. Dalton Trans. 2011;40(41):10945-52.
19
20. Travlou NA, Kyzas GZ, Lazaridis NK, Deliyanni EA. Graphite oxide/chitosan composite for reactive dye removal. CHEM ENG J. 2013;217(Supplement C):256-65.
20
21. Zhu J, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhang Y. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Spherical Zeolite–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for Cationic Dye Adsorption. IND ENG CHEM RES. 2014;53(35):13711-7.
21
22. González JA, Villanueva ME, Piehl LL, Copello GJ. Development of a chitin/graphene oxide hybrid composite for the removal of pollutant dyes: Adsorption and desorption study. CHEM ENG J. 2015;280(Supplement C):41-8.
22
23. Ma Z, Liu D, Zhu Y, Li Z, Li Z, Tian H, et al. Graphene oxide/chitin nanofibril composite foams as column adsorbents for aqueous pollutants. Carbohydr Polym. 2016;144(Supplement C):230-7.
23
24. Jamnongkan T, Kantarot K, Niemtang K, Pansila PP, Wattanakornsiri A. Kinetics and mechanism of adsorptive removal of copper from aqueous solution with poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. T NONFERR METAL SOC. 2014;24(10):3386-93.
24
25. Fan L, Luo C, Li X, Lu F, Qiu H, Sun M. Fabrication of novel magnetic chitosan grafted with graphene oxide to enhance adsorption properties for methyl blue. J Hazard Mater. 2012;215(Supplement C):272-9.
25
26. Kong X-b, Tang Q-y, Chen X-y, Tu Y, Sun S-z, Sun Z-l. Polyethylene glycol as a promising synthetic material for repair of spinal cord injury. Neural Regener Res. 2017;12(6):1003-8.
26
27. Xu R, Zhou G, Tang Y, Chu L, Liu C, Zeng Z, et al. New double network hydrogel adsorbent: Highly efficient removal of Cd(II) and Mn(II) ions in aqueous solution. CHEM ENG J. 2015;275(Supplement C):179-88.
27
28. Abraham TN, Kumar R, Misra RK, Jain SK. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based MWCNT hydrogel for lead ion removal from contaminated water. J Appl Polym Sci. 2012;125(S1):E670-E4.
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29. Khokan Chandra Sarker, Ullaha R. Determination of Trace Amount of Cu(II) Using UV-Vis. Spectrophotometric Method. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2013;1(1):5-14.
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30. Niyogi S, Bekyarova E, Itkis ME, McWilliams JL, Hamon MA, Haddon RC. Solution Properties of Graphite and Graphene. J Am Chem Soc. 2006;128(24):7720-1.
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31. Hirata M, Gotou T, Horiuchi S, Fujiwara M, Ohba M. Thin-film particles of graphite oxide 1:: High-yield synthesis and flexibility of the particles. CARBON. 2004;42(14):2929-37.
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32. Lerf A, He H, Forster M, Klinowski J. Structure of Graphite Oxide Revisited. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 1998;102(23):4477-82.
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34. Cote LJ, Kim F, Huang J. Langmuir−Blodgett Assembly of Graphite Oxide Single Layers. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131(3):1043-9.
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35. Cai D, Song M. Preparation of fully exfoliated graphite oxide nanoplatelets in organic solvents. J Mater Chem. 2007;17(35):3678-80.
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36. Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JMD. Graphene Oxide Dispersions in Organic Solvents. LANGMUIR. 2008;24(19):10560-4.
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37. Song J, Wang X, Chang C-T. Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2014;2014:6.
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43. Fu C, Zhao G, Zhang H, Li S. Evaluation and characterization of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2013;8:6269-80.
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44. Tang C-M, Tian Y-H, Hsu S-H. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites Reinforced with Bamboo Charcoal Nanoparticles: Mineralization Behavior and Characterization. Materials. 2015;8(8):4895-911.
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45. Rengaraj S, Joo CK, Kim Y, Yi J. Kinetics of removal of chromium from water and electronic process wastewater by ion exchange resins: 1200H, 1500H and IRN97H. J Hazard Mater. 2003;102(2):257-75.
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46. Mi X, Huang G, Xie W, Wang W, Liu Y, Gao J. Preparation of graphene oxide aerogel and its adsorption for Cu2+ ions. CARBON. 2012;50(13):4856-64.
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47. Yang Y, Wu W-q, Zhou H-h, Huang Z-y, Ye T-t, Liu R, et al. Adsorption behavior of cross-linked chitosan modified by graphene oxide for Cu(II) removal. Journal of Central South University. 2014;21(7):2826-31.
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48. Cui L, Wang Y, Gao L, Hu L, Yan L, Wei Q, et al. EDTA functionalized magnetic graphene oxide for removal of Pb(II), Hg(II) and Cu(II) in water treatment: Adsorption mechanism and separation property. CHEM ENG J. 2015;281(Supplement C):1-10.
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49. Mejias Carpio IE, Mangadlao JD, Nguyen HN, Advincula RC, Rodrigues DF. Graphene oxide functionalized with ethylenediamine triacetic acid for heavy metal adsorption and anti-microbial applications. CARBON. 2014;77(Supplement C):289-301.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Dip-Coating Parameters Effect on The Performance of Alumina-Polydimethylsiloxane Nanofiltration Membranes for Desalination
The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of dip-coating parameters on the performance of Alumina-PDMS hybrid nanofiltration membranes for water desalination. Ceramic supports used in this work were prepared with a 340 nm average pore size and 34% total porosity. The aim is to determine optimum conditions of dipping time, PDMS concentration, and withdrawal speed in order to achieve high rejection and flux values. Dip-coating parameters were considered as dipping time (60 - 120 s), withdrawal speed (5 - 15 mm/s) and PDMS concentration (10 - 20 wt. %). Hybrid membranes were characterized using FE-SEM and FTIR analysis techniques. Pure water flux and salt rejection were also measured to evaluate the rejection performance. Alumina-PDMS hybrid nanofiltration membranes fabricated with dipping time = 120 s, withdrawal speed = 15 mm/s and 10 wt. % PDMS exhibited the best performance giving 30.5% rejection for NaCl and 53.8% for Na2SO4.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28431_00e4df3074fecaf88420bc3353f8fc9b.pdf
2017-10-01
235
242
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.002
Alumina
Dip-Coating
Hybrid Membranes
Nanofiltration
PDMS
Mohammad Hadi
Yousefi
hadi2m1369@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Nano Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad Mehdi
Zerafat
mmzerafat@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Nano Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Shokri Doodeji
mshokri@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Nano Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Sabbaghi
sabbaghi@shirazu.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Nano Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Chen Z, Chen F, Zeng F, Li J. Preparation and characterization of the charged PDMC/Al2O3 composite nanofiltration membrane. DESALINATION. 2014;349(Supplement C):106-14.
1
2. Pinheiro AFM, Hoogendoorn D, Nijmeijer A, Winnubst L. Development of a PDMS-grafted alumina membrane and its evaluation as solvent resistant nanofiltration membrane. J Membr Sci. 2014;463(Supplement C):24-32.
2
3. Cuiming W, Tongwen X, Weihua Y. Fundamental studies of a new hybrid (inorganic–organic) positively charged membrane: membrane preparation and characterizations. J Membr Sci. 2003;216(1):269-78.
3
4. Wu C, Xu T, Gong M, Yang W. Synthesis and characterizations of new negatively charged organic–inorganic hybrid materials: Part II. Membrane preparation and characterizations. J Membr Sci. 2005;247(1):111-8.
4
5. Sachdeva S, Kumar A. Synthesis and modeling of composite poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) membrane for the separation of chromic acid. J Membr Sci. 2008;307(1):37-52.
5
6. Chen Y, Xiangli F, Jin W, Xu N. Organic–inorganic composite pervaporation membranes prepared by self-assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers on macroporous ceramic supports. J Membr Sci. 2007;302(1):78-86.
6
7. Yoshida W, Cohen Y. Ceramic-supported polymer membranes for pervaporation of binary organic/organic mixtures. J Membr Sci. 2003;213(1):145-57.
7
8. Song KM, Hong WH. Dehydration of ethanol and isopropanol using tubular type cellulose acetate membrane with ceramic support in pervaporation process. J Membr Sci. 1997;123(1):27-33.
8
9. Nandi BK, Uppaluri R, Purkait MK. Effects of dip coating parameters on the morphology and transport properties of cellulose acetate–ceramic composite membranes. J Membr Sci. 2009;330(1):246-58.
9
10. Tarleton ES, Robinson JP, Salman M. Solvent-induced swelling of membranes — Measurements and influence in nanofiltration. J Membr Sci. 2006;280(1):442-51.
10
11. Liu G, Gan L, Liu S, Zhou H, Wei W, Jin W. PDMS/ceramic composite membrane for pervaporation separation of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) aqueous solutions and its application in intensification of ABE fermentation process. Chem Eng Process. 2014;86(Supplement C):162-72.
11
12. Dutczak SM, Luiten-Olieman MWJ, Zwijnenberg HJ, Bolhuis-Versteeg LAM, Winnubst L, Hempenius MA, et al. Composite capillary membrane for solvent resistant nanofiltration. J Membr Sci. 2011;372(1):182-90.
12
13. Wu H, Zhang X, Xu D, Li B, Jiang Z. Enhancing the interfacial stability and solvent-resistant property of PDMS/PES composite membrane by introducing a bifunctional aminosilane. J Membr Sci. 2009;337(1):61-9.
13
14. Li S-Y, Srivastava R, Parnas RS. Separation of 1-butanol by pervaporation using a novel tri-layer PDMS composite membrane. J Membr Sci. 2010;363(1):287-94.
14
15. Peng F, Liu J, Li J. Analysis of the gas transport performance through PDMS/PS composite membranes using the resistances-in-series model. J Membr Sci. 2003;222(1):225-34.
15
16. Li L, Xiao Z, Tan S, Pu L, Zhang Z. Composite PDMS membrane with high flux for the separation of organics from water by pervaporation. J Membr Sci. 2004;243(1):177-87.
16
17. Vankelecom IFJ, Moermans B, Verschueren G, Jacobs PA. Intrusion of PDMS top layers in porous supports. J Membr Sci. 1999;158(1):289-97.
17
18. Zhao C, Li J, Qi R, Chen J, Luan Z. Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/sulfur species mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane membranes. Sep Purif Technol. 2008;63(1):220-5.
18
19. Stafie N, Stamatialis DF, Wessling M. Effect of PDMS cross-linking degree on the permeation performance of PAN/PDMS composite nanofiltration membranes. Sep Purif Technol. 2005;45(3):220-31.
19
20. Sadrzadeh M, Shahidi K, Mohammadi T. Effect of operating parameters on pure and mixed gas permeation properties of a synthesized composite PDMS/PA membrane. J Membr Sci. 2009;342(1):327-40.
20
21. Ki Hong Y, Hi Hong W. Influence of ceramic support on pervaporation characteristics of IPA/water mixtures using PDMS/ceramic composite membrane. J Membr Sci. 1999;159(1):29-39.
21
22. Xiangli F, Chen Y, Jin W, Xu N. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Ceramic Composite Membrane with High Flux for Pervaporation of Ethanol−Water Mixtures. IND ENG CHEM RES. 2007;46(7):2224-30.
22
23. Kim H, Kim H-G, Kim S, Kim SS. PDMS–silica composite membranes with silane coupling for propylene separation. J Membr Sci. 2009;344(1):211-8.
23
24. Tanardi CR, Pinheiro AFM, Nijmeijer A, Winnubst L. PDMS grafting of mesoporous γ-alumina membranes for nanofiltration of organic solvents. J Membr Sci. 2014;469(Supplement C):471-7.
24
25. Khalili M, Sabbaghi S, Zerafat MM. Preparation of ceramic γ-Al2O3-TiO2 nanofiltration membranes for desalination. Chemical Papers. 2015;69(2):309-15.
25
26. Xu R, Liu G, Dong X, Wanqin, Jin. Pervaporation separation of n-octane/thiophene mixtures using polydimethylsiloxane/ceramic composite membranes. DESALINATION. 2010;258(1):106-11.
26
27. Liu S, Liu G, Wei W, Xiangli F, Jin W. Ceramic Supported PDMS and PEGDA Composite Membranes for CO2 Separation. Chin J Chem Eng. 2013;21(4):348-56.
27
28. Van Gestel T, Vandecasteele C, Buekenhoudt A, Dotremont C, Luyten J, Leysen R, et al. Alumina and titania multilayer membranes for nanofiltration: preparation, characterization and chemical stability. J Membr Sci. 2002;207(1):73-89.
28
29. Singh R. Hybrid Membrane Systems for Water Purification: Technology, Systems Design and Operations: Elsevier; 2006.
29
30. Qi H, Niu S, Jiang X, Xu N. Enhanced performance of a macroporous ceramic support for nanofiltration by using α-Al2O3 with narrow size distribution. Ceram Int. 2013;39(3):2463-71.
30
31. Moritz T, Benfer S, Arki P, Tomandl G. Investigation of ceramic membrane materials by streaming potential measurements. Colloids Surf, A. 2001;195(1):25-33.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comprehensive Study on the Application of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology for the Petroleum Industry Wastewater Treatment
Large quantities of oily wastewaters can be generated from the activities and processes in the petroleum industry which draining of these effluents not only pollutes the environment but also reduces the yield of oil and water. Therefore, development of treatment processes for petroleum industry wastewaters is vital in order to prevent serious environmental damage and provide a source of water for beneficial use. Reverse osmosis (RO) can be the most common membrane process used for desalination from oily wastewater and can produce water suitable for reuse at the petroleum industry. In this study, the application of RO technology for the petroleum industry wastewater treatment in different laboratory, pilot, field, and industrial scales have been reviewed. In addition, membrane fouling control, performance efficiency, treatment system configurations, pretreatment methods, quality of treated water, and economic issues have been investigated. With mixtures as complex as petroleum industry wastewaters, membrane fouling becomes a significant hurdle to implement the RO-based purification system. Operating the system within the critical flux range or adding chemicals, and/or pretreatment can usually control membrane fouling. Salt rejection of RO membranes can be 99% or higher.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28432_8001d9f88010f7e8c8f0304d4c6b25c1.pdf
2017-10-01
243
264
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.003
Petroleum
Reuse
Reverse osmosis
Treatment
Wastewater
Shahryar
Jafarinejad
jafarinejad83@gmail.com
1
Chemical Engineering Division, College of Environment, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Fakhru’l-Razi A, Pendashteh A, Abdullah LC, Biak DRA, Madaeni SS, Abidin ZZ. Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment. J Hazard Mater. 2009;170(2–3):530-51.
1
2. Zhao S, Minier-Matar J, Chou S, Wang R, Fane AG, Adham S. Gas field produced/process water treatment using forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane: Membrane fouling and chemical cleaning. DESALINATION. 2017;402:143-51.
2
3. World Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency, 2014, Paris.
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4. Zhong J, Sun X, Wang C. Treatment of oily wastewater produced from refinery processes using flocculation and ceramic membrane filtration. Sep Purif Technol. 2003;32(1–3):93-8.
4
5. Jafarinejad S, editor Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) in oily wastewater treatment. National e-Conference on Advances in Basic Sciences and Engineering (AEBSCONF), Iran; 2014.
5
6. Jafarinejad S, editor Electrochemical oxidation process in oily wastewater treatment. National e-Conference on Advances in Basic Sciences and Engineering (AEBSCONF), Iran; 2014.
6
7. Jafarinejad S, editor Ozonation advanced oxidation process and place of its use in oily sludge and wastewater treatment. 1st International Conference on Environmental Engineering (EICONF), Tehran, Iran; 2015.
7
8. Jafarinejad S, editor Heterogeneous photocatalysis oxidation process and use of it for oily wastewater treatment. 1st International Conference on Environmental Engineering (EICONF), Tehran, Iran; 2015.
8
9. Jafarinejad S, editor Recent advances in nanofiltration process and use of it for oily wastewater treatment. 1st International Conference on Environmental Engineering (eiconf), Tehran, Iran; 2015.
9
10. Jafarinejad, Sh., 2015d. Investigation of advanced technologies for wastewater treatment from petroleum refinery processes. 2nd E-conference on Recent Research in Science and Technology, Kerman, Iran, Summer 2015.
10
11. Jafarinejad S. Petroleum Waste Treatment and Pollution Control: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2016.
11
12. Jafarinejad S. Recent developments in the application of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology for the petroleum industry wastewater treatment. Chem Int. 2017;3(3):241-50.
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20. Fakhru’l-Razi A, Pendashteh A, Abidin ZZ, Abdullah LC, Biak DRA, Madaeni SS. Application of membrane-coupled sequencing batch reactor for oilfield produced water recycle and beneficial re-use. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101(18):6942-9.
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21. Piemonte V, Prisciandaro M, Mascis L, Di Paola L, Barba D. Reverse osmosis membranes for treatment of produced water: a process analysis. Desalin Water Treat. 2015;55(3):565-74.
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22. Pendashteh AR, Fakhru’l‐Razi A, Chuah TG, Radiah ABD, Madaeni SS, Zurina ZA. Biological treatment of produced water in a sequencing batch reactor by a consortium of isolated halophilic microorganisms. Environ Technol. 2010;31(11):1229-39.
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23. Hayes T, Arthur D, editors. Overview of emerging produced water treatment technologies. 11th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, Albuquerque, NM; 2004.
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24. Mondal S, Wickramasinghe SR. Produced water treatment by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. J Membr Sci. 2008;322(1):162-70.
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26. Yu L, Han M, He F. A review of treating oily wastewater. Arabian J Chem.
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100
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Cadmium Adsorption on Polypyrrole/Titanium dioxide Nanocomposite
The present work seeks to investigate the ability of polypyrrole/titanium dioxide nanocomposite to adsorb cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The impact of various experimental conditions, including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time and initial concentration on the uptake of cadmium were studied. The adsorption kinetic was studied with the first-order, second-order, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Morris–Weber models. The results revealed that adsorption process is controlled by pseudo-second-order model which illustrated that the adsorption process of cadmium is chemisorption-controlled. The adsorption capacity obtained from this model is 20.49 mg/g which close to the experimental value. The study yielded the result that when the initial concentration of the solution changed from 20 mg/l to 120 mg/l, the adsorption capacity increased from 0.99 to 24.52 mg/g. Further, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to investigate the adsorption isotherm. Based on the results of the adsorption isotherm, Freundlich isotherm proved to be the best fit with the experimental data. Also, the morphology, chemical structure and thermal stability of adsorbent were studied by using SEM, EDX, FTIR, and TGA.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28433_ca8b25426d186627b1763a0525f56c6f.pdf
2017-10-01
265
277
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.004
Adsorption
Cadmium
Isotherm
kinetic
Polypyrrole
Titanium dioxide
Marjan
Tanzifi
m.tanzifi@ilam.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marzieh
Kolbadi nezhad
marzieh_kolbadi@yahoo.com
2
School of Chemical Gas and Petroleum Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Kianoush
Karimipour
kianosh.2013@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Kurniawan TA, Chan GYS, Lo W-H, Babel S. Physico–chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals. CHEM ENG J. 2006;118(1):83-98.
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17
18. Lasheen MR, El-Sherif IY, Tawfik ME, El-Wakeel ST, El-Shahat MF. Preparation and adsorption properties of nano magnetite chitosan films for heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Mater Res Bull. 2016;80(Supplement C):344-50.
18
19. Yousefi T, Torab-Mostaedi M, Charkhi A, Aghaei A. Cd(II) Sorption on Iranian nano zeolites: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology. 2016;1(2):75-83.
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20. Zuo X, Zhang Y, Si L, Zhou B, Zhao B, Zhu L, et al. One-step electrochemical preparation of sulfonated graphene/polypyrrole composite and its application to supercapacitor. J Alloys Compd. 2016;688(Part B):140-8.
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21. Tanzifi M, Mansouri M, Heidarzadeh M, Gheibi K. Study of the Adsorption of Amido Black 10B Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Polyaniline Nano-adsorbent: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology. 2016;1(2):124-34.
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22. Tanzifi M, Karimipour K, Najafifard M, Mirchenari S. REMOVAL OF CONGO RED ANIONIC DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING POLYANILINE/TIO2 AND POLYPYRROLE/TIO2 NANOCOMPOSITES: ISOTHERM, KINETIC, AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES. International Journal of Engineering-Transactions C: Aspects. 2016;29(12):1659.
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28. Omraei M, Esfandian H, Katal R, Ghorbani M. Study of the removal of Zn(II) from aqueous solution using polypyrrole nanocomposite. DESALINATION. 2011;271(1):248-56.
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29. Chen J, Hong X, Xie Q, Tian M, Li K, Zhang Q. Exfoliated polypyrrole/montmorillonite nanocomposite with flake-like structure for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Res Chem Intermed. 2015;41(12):9655-71.
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30. Mthombeni NH, Mbakop S, Ochieng A, Onyango MS. Vanadium (V) adsorption isotherms and kinetics using polypyrrole coated magnetized natural zeolite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2016;66(Supplement C):172-80.
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31. Zhong S, Ou Q, Shao L. PHOSPHORUS PROMOTED SO4 (2-)/TiO2 SOLID ACID CATALYST FOR ACETALIZATION REACTION. J Chil Chem Soc. 2015;60(3):3005-6.
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33. Kashale AA, Gattu KP, Ghule K, Ingole VH, Dhanayat S, Sharma R, et al. Biomediated green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for lithium ion battery application. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2016;99(Supplement C):297-304.
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37. Zou Y, Wang Q, Jiang D, Xiang C, Chu H, Qiu S, et al. Pd-doped TiO2@polypyrrole core-shell composites as hydrogen-sensing materials. Ceram Int. 2016;42(7):8257-62.
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41. Zhang H, Li GR, An LP, Yan TY, Gao XP, Zhu HY. Electrochemical Lithium Storage of Titanate and Titania Nanotubes and Nanorods. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2007;111(16):6143-8.
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42. Javadian H, Ghorbani F, Tayebi H-a, Asl SH. Study of the adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution using zeolite-based geopolymer, synthesized from coal fly ash; kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. Arabian J Chem. 2015;8(6):837-49.
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Bare and Four Different Polymer- Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles and Their Efficiency on Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solutions
Zero-valent iron particles at the nanoscale are proposed to be one of the important reductants of Cr(VI), transforming the same into nontoxic Cr(III). In this study zero valent iron nanoparticles(ZVINs) were synthesized and characterized for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions. Five different zero-valent iron nanoparticle types comprising of bare and stabilized ZVINs with poly acrylamide(PAM), polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), polystyrene sulfonate(PSS) and guar gum(GG) were synthesized and employed in this study. The sizes of zero-valent iron nanoparticles were found to be 40, 14, 17, 29 and 34nm, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), corresponding to bare zero valent iron nanoparticles(ZVINs), poly acrylamide(PAM), guar gum(GG), poly styrene solfunate(PSS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINs) respectively. The trend in the sizes of ZVINs with various stabilizers in the decreasing order was found to be bare ZVIN > PVP-ZVIN >PSS-ZVIN> GG-ZVIN> PAM-ZVIN respectively. Results showed that by increasing hexavalent chromium concentrations from 20 to 100 mg/L, the Cr(VI) efficiency removal decreased significantly. When the ZVINs concentrations increased from 2 to 10 gr/L(0.1 to 0.5g per 50 mL), the Cr(VI) removal efficiency enhanced. The most effective treatments of ZVINs and Cr(VI) for hexavalent chromium removal from solutions were 10 gr/lit (0.5g per 50 mL) and 20 mg/L respectively, so the efficiency of bare and polymer stabilized-ZVINs on Cr(VI) removal from solutions was found to be in the following order: bare ZVINs < PVP-ZVINs <PSS-ZVINs< GG-ZVINs< PAM-ZVINs.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28434_99463451686d13154a6308037b5b5bda.pdf
2017-10-01
278
289
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.005
Chromium
Polymer
Removal
Stabilize
Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles
Mohammad Taghi
Kouhiyan Afzal
mkoohiyanafzal@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Farrokhian Firouzi
a.farrokhian@scu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Taghavi
gauss82@gmail.com
3
Faculty of science, Department of Chemistry, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
2. Reddy AB, Jaafar J, Majid ZA, Aris A, Umar K, Talib J, et al. RELATIVE EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) STABILIZED Fe 0 AND Fe 0/Ag NANOPARTICLES FOR RAPID DEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB). 2015;10(2):331-40.
2
3. Biswas P, Wu C-Y. Nanoparticles and the Environment. J AIR WASTE MANAGE. 2005;55(6):708-46.
3
4. Huang S-H, Chen D-H. Rapid removal of heavy metal cations and anions from aqueous solutions by an amino-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent. J Hazard Mater. 2009;163(1):174-9.
4
5. Chen S-S, Hsu H-D, Li C-W. A new method to produce nanoscale iron for nitrate removal. J Nanopart Res. 2004;6(6):639-47.
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6. Christian P, Von der Kammer F, Baalousha M, Hofmann T. Nanoparticles: structure, properties, preparation and behaviour in environmental media. ECOTOXICOLOGY. 2008;17(5):326-43.
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7. Cirtiu CM, Raychoudhury T, Ghoshal S, Moores A. Systematic comparison of the size, surface characteristics and colloidal stability of zero valent iron nanoparticles pre- and post-grafted with common polymers. Colloids Surf, A. 2011;390(1):95-104.
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9
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10
11. Fu F, Han W, Huang C, Tang B, Hu M. Removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by supported nanoscale zero-valent iron on granular activated carbon. Desalin Water Treat. 2013;51(13-15):2680-6.
11
12. Geng B, Jin Z, Li T, Qi X. Kinetics of hexavalent chromium removal from water by chitosan-Fe0 nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE. 2009;75(6):825-30.
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14. Handy RD, von der Kammer F, Lead JR, Hassellöv M, Owen R, Crane M. The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY. 2008;17(4):287-314.
14
15. He F, Zhao D. Preparation and Characterization of a New Class of Starch-Stabilized Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Water. Environ Sci Technol. 2005;39(9):3314-20.
15
16. He F, Zhang M, Qian T, Zhao D. Transport of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized iron nanoparticles in porous media: Column experiments and modeling. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2009;334(1):96-102.
16
17. Kanmani P, Aravind J, Preston D. Remediation of chromium contaminants using bacteria. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2012;9(1):183-93.
17
18. Kumarathilaka P, Jayaweera V, Wijesekara H, Kottegoda IRM, Rosa SRD, Vithanage M. Insights into Starch Coated Nanozero Valent Iron-Graphene Composite for Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Medium. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2016;2016:10.
18
19. Liu T, Lo IMC. Influences of Humic Acid on Cr(VI) Removal by Zero-Valent Iron From Groundwater with Various Constituents: Implication for Long-Term PRB Performance. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2011;216(1):473-83.
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20. Lin Y-H, Tseng H-H, Wey M-Y, Lin M-D. Characteristics of two types of stabilized nano zero-valent iron and transport in porous media. Sci Total Environ. 2010;408(10):2260-7.
20
21. Madhavi V, Prasad TNVKV, Reddy BR, Reddy AVB, Gajulapalle M. Conjunctive effect of CMC–zero-valent iron nanoparticles and FYM in the remediation of chromium-contaminated soils. Applied Nanoscience. 2014;4(4):477-84.
21
22. Mystrioti C, Xenidis A, Papassiopi N. Reduction of hexavalent chromium with polyphenol-coated nano zero-valent iron: column studies. Desalin Water Treat. 2015;56(5):1162-70.
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23. Mukherjee R, Kumar R, Sinha A, Lama Y, Saha AK. A review on synthesis, characterization, and applications of nano zero valent iron (nZVI) for environmental remediation. CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC. 2016;46(5):443-66.
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24. Qiu X, Fang Z, Yan X, Gu F, Jiang F. Emergency remediation of simulated chromium (VI)-polluted river by nanoscale zero-valent iron: Laboratory study and numerical simulation. CHEM ENG J. 2012;193(Supplement C):358-65.
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25. Rahmani A, Norozi R, Samadi MT, Afkhami A. Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Rqueous Solution by Produced Iron Nanoparticles. ijhe. 2009;1(2):67-74.
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26. Ramazanpour Esfahani A, Hojati S, Azimi A, Farzadian M, Khataee A. Enhanced hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution using a sepiolite-stabilized zero-valent iron nanocomposite: Impact of operational parameters and artificial neural network modeling. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2015;49(Supplement C):172-82.
26
27. Ramazanpour Esfahani A, Farrokhian Firouzi A. Synthesis and application of stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles for hexavalent chromium removal in saturated sand columns: experimental and modeling studies. Desalin Water Treat. 2016;57(33):15424-34.
27
28. Esfahani AR, Hojati S, Azimi A, Alidokht L, Khataee A, Farzadian M. Reductive removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using sepiolite-stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles: Process optimization and kinetic studies. Korean J Chem Eng. 2014;31(4):630-8.
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29. Shao-feng N, Yong L, Xin-hua X, Zhang-hua L. Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by iron nanoparticles. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 2005;6(10):1022-7.
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30. Siciliano A. Removal of Cr(VI) from Water Using a New Reactive Material: Magnesium Oxide Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron. Materials. 2016;9(8).
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31. Singh R, Misra V, Singh RP. Synthesis, characterization and role of zero-valent iron nanoparticle in removal of hexavalent chromium from chromium-spiked soil. J Nanopart Res. 2011;13(9):4063-73.
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32. Santos FSd, Lago FR, Yokoyama L, Fonseca FV. Synthesis and characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on SBA-15. J Mater Res Technol. 2017;6(2):178-83.
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33. Sukopová M, Matysíková J, Škorvan O, Holba M. Application of iron nanoparticles for industrial wastewater treatment. Nanocon 2013; Brno, Czech Republic, EU2013. p. 456-60.
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34. Gueye MT, Di Palma L, Allahverdeyeva G, Bavasso I, Petrucci E, Stoller M, et al. The influence of heavy metals and organic matter on hexavalent chromium reduction by nano zero valent iron in soil. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 47: Italian Association of Chemical Engineering-AIDIC; 2016. p. 289-94.
34
35. Tiraferri A, Chen KL, Sethi R, Elimelech M. Reduced aggregation and sedimentation of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the presence of guar gum. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2008;324(1):71-9.
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36. Tiraferri A, Sethi R. Enhanced transport of zerovalent iron nanoparticles in saturated porous media by guar gum. J Nanopart Res. 2008;11(3):635.
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37. Xiong K, Gao Y, Zhou L, Zhang X. Zero-valent iron particles embedded on the mesoporous silica–carbon for chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution. J Nanopart Res. 2016;18(9):267.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Photocatalytic Treatment of Synthetic Wastewater Containing 2,4 dichlorophenol by Ternary MWCNTs /Co-TiO2 Nanocomposite Under Visible Light
In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Co-TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under visible light. Characterization of photocatalysts was done by means of XRD, FT-IR and SEM/EDX techniques. Obtained results showed cobalt doping can inhibit phase transformation from anatase to rutile and eliminate the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The presence of MWCNTs can both increase the photoactivity and change surface properties to achieve sensitivity to visible light. The optimum mass ratio of MWCNTs and cobalt (Co) dopant in TiO2 was the prominent factor to harvest MWCNTs/Co-TiO2 photocatalyst. The sample containing 3.13 wt% cobalt exhibited the highest activity under visible light for 2,4-DCP degradation, which was completed within 180 min using a 0.1 g/L dose of this photocatalyst in a 40 mg/L solution of the 2,4-DCP. The reactions follow the first-order kinetics. The reaction intermediates were identified by GC–MS technique. GC–MS analysis showed the major intermediates of 2,4-DCP degradation are simple acids like oxalic acid, acetic acid, etc. as the final products.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28436_af76bf6f8768c2cfaabf0d01597ee2b8.pdf
2017-10-01
290
301
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.006
Carbon nanotubes
Cobalt
2
4-dichlorophenol
Degradation
Shahryar
Nazarpour Laghani
shahryar.n1988@yahoo.com
1
Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Rezvanshahr, Iran.
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Ebrahimian Pirbazari
aebrahimian@ut.ac.ir
2
Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran ,Fouman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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58
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Graphene Quantum Dots/Eggshell Membrane Composite as a Nano-sorbent for Preconcentration and Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
In this study graphene quantum dots/eggshell membrane nanocomposite (GQDS/ESM) is prepared and used as an efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for preconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from aqueous solutions. The retained analytes on the sorbent are stripped by acetonitrile and subsequently are determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of OPPs on the GQDS/ESM, such as solution pH, amount of nano-sorbent, sample loading flow rate, elution conditions and sample volume are investigated. The results demonstrated that the proposed method has a wide dynamic linear range (0.05–100 ng mL-1), good linearity (R2>0.997) and low detection limits (0.006-0.32 ng mL-1). High enrichment factors are achieved ranging from 110 to 140. In the optimum experimental conditions, the established method is successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in spiked water samples (well, tap, shaft and canal) and apple juice. Satisfactory recovery results show that the sample matrices under consideration do not significantly affect the extraction process.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28437_9538f30755ca26fa9e306d4838d1f501.pdf
2017-10-01
302
310
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.007
Eggshell
Graphene quantum dots
Nano-Sorbent
Pesticides
Vahideh
Abdollahi
abdollahi.chem@yahoo.com
1
Analytical Chemistry Research Lab., Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Habib
Razmi
mh_razmi@yahoo.com
2
Analytical Chemistry Research Lab., Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Bones J, Thomas K, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. On-line preconcentration of pharmaceutical residues from large volume water samples using short reversed-phase monolithic cartridges coupled to LC-UV-ESI-MS. Talanta. 2006;70(5):1117-28.
1
2. Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barceló D. Advantages and limitations of on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technologies versus biosensors for monitoring of emerging contaminants in water. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1152(1):97-115.
2
3. Merino F, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Solid-Phase Extraction of Amphiphiles Based on Mixed Hemimicelle/Admicelle Formation: Application to the Concentration of Benzalkonium Surfactants in Sewage and River Water. Analytical Chemistry. 2003;75(24):6799-806.
3
4. Zhao X, Shi Y, Cai Y, Mou S. Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Preconcentration of Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Water Samples. Environmental Science & Technology. 2008;42(4):1201-6.
4
5. Niu H, Cai Y, Shi Y, Wei F, Mou S, Jiang G. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated titanate nanotubes for solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters from natural waters prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1172(2):113-20.
5
6. Li J-D, Cai Y-Q, Shi Y-L, Mou S-F, Jiang G-B. Determination of sulfonamide compounds in sewage and river by mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction prior to liquid chromatography–spectrophotometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1139(2):178-84.
6
7. Moral A, Sicilia MD, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-coated alumina for the extraction/preconcentration of benzimidazolic fungicides from natural waters prior to their quantification by liquid chromatography/fluorimetry. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2006;569(1):132-8.
7
8. Cai Y, Jiang G, Liu J, Zhou Q. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for the Determination of Bisphenol A, 4-n-Nonylphenol, and 4-tert-Octylphenol. Analytical Chemistry. 2003;75(10):2517-21.
8
9. Zhou Q, Xiao J, Wang W. Using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid phase extraction adsorbents to determine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites at trace level in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Journal of Chromatography A. 2006;1125(2):152-8.
9
10. Wang W-D, Huang Y-M, Shu W-Q, Cao J. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental waters coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1173(1):27-36.
10
11. Zhou Q, Ding Y, Xiao J, Liu G, Guo X. Investigation of the feasibility of TiO2 nanotubes for the enrichment of DDT and its metabolites at trace levels in environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1147(1):10-6.
11
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Combined Cake Filtration-Complete Blocking Model to Ultrafiltration of Skim Milk
Membrane ultrafiltration (UF) is widely used in dairy industries like milk concentration and dehydration processes. The limiting factor of UF systems is fouling which is defined as the precipitation of solutes in the form of a cake layer on the surface of the membrane. In this study, the combined cake filtration-complete blocking model was compared to cake filtration mechanism for flux data through ultrafiltration of skim milk at constant flow rate. The resistance data also was modeled using cake filtration model and standard blocking model. The effect of different trans-membrane pressures and temperatures on flux decline was then investigated. Based on the results obtained here, the combined complete blocking-cake formation model was in excellent agreement with experimental data. The cake filtration model also provided good data fits and can be applied to solutions whose solutes tend to accumulate on the surface of the membrane in the form of a cake layer. With increasing pressure, the differences between the model and experimental data increased.
https://www.jwent.net/article_28439_97ff1fafd22691666b8671dda15fa49e.pdf
2017-10-01
311
324
10.22090/jwent.2017.04.008
Flux Decline
Fouling
Milk Concentration
Modeling
Ultrafiltration
Mansoor
Kazemimoghadam
mzkazemi@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Amiri-Rigi
amiri.z.1394@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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